Yes, there is some validity to the maker vs taker argument (e.g. if a state keeps their "social safety net" services so low their residents qualify for more Fed services), but that's a small part of why different states have such different state tax burdens. I can assure you being married to a teacher, I would love her to get NY level salaries and pensions. Even better if I can make tax payers in other states subsidize it through my Fed taxes. Or that all my roads were plowed immediately after every snowstorm. Or countless other or better services we lower tax states don't get.

Your argument would have more merit under my desire for no SALT deduction, even though it would still not be double taxation. As it stands, the party telling us the "rich should pay more of their fair share" is arguing for a benefit that disproportionately reduces the burden on the "rich", and adds complexity to tax filing because of how many now just use the standard deduction because of that current cap.